格林童话俗称为格林童话的《儿童与家庭童话集》,是德国的著名童话,也被我们所熟知。
格林童话:刺猬汉斯(中英文)
Hans-My-Hedgehog
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Once upon a time there was a peasant who had money and land enough, but as rich as he was, there was still something missing from his happiness: He had no children with his wife. Often when he went to the city with the other peasants, they would mock him and ask him why he had no children. He finally became angry, and when he returned home, he said, "I will have a child, even if it is a hedgehog."
Then his wife had a baby, and the top half was a hedgehog and the bottom half a boy. When she saw the baby, she was horrified and said, "Now see what you have wished upon us!"
The man said, "It cannot be helped. The boy must be baptized, but we cannot ask anyone to be his godfather."
The woman said, "And the only name that we can give him is Hans-My-Hedgehog."
When he was baptized, the pastor said, "Because of his quills he cannot be given an ordinary bed." So they put a little straw behind the stove and laid him in it. And he could not drink from his mother, for he would have stuck her with his quills. He lay there behind the stove for eight years, and his father grew tired of him, and thought, "if only he would die." But he did not die, but just lay there.
Now it happened that there was a fair in the city, and the peasant wanted to go. He asked his wife what he should bring her.
"A little meat, some bread rolls, and things for the household," she said. Then he asked the servant girl, and she wanted a pair of slippers and some fancy stockings.
Finally, he also said, "Hans-My-Hedgehog, what would you like?"
"Father," he said, "bring me some bagpipes."
When the peasant returned home he gave his wife what he had brought for her, meat and bread rolls. Then he gave the servant girl the slippers and fancy stockings. And finally he went behind the stove and gave Hans-My-Hedgehog the bagpipes.
When Hans-My-Hedgehog had them, he said, "Father, go to the blacksmith's and have my cock-rooster shod, then I will ride away and never again come back." The father was happy to get rid of him, so he had his rooster shod, and when it was done, Hans-My-Hedgehog climbed on it and rode away. He took pigs and donkeys with him, to tend in the forest.
In the forest the rooster flew into a tall tree with him. There he sat and watched over the donkeys and the pigs. He sat there for years, until finally the herd had grown large. His father knew nothing about him. While sitting in the tree, he played his bagpipes and made beautiful music.
One day a king came by. He was lost and heard the music. He was amazed to hear it, and sent a servant to look around and see where it was coming from. He looked here and there but only saw a little animal sitting high in a tree. It looked like a rooster up there with a hedgehog sitting on it making the music.
The king said to the servant that he should ask him why he was sitting there, and if he knew the way back to his kingdom. Then Hans-My-Hedgehog climbed down from the tree and told him that he would show him the way if the king would promise in writing to give him the first thing that greeted him at the royal court upon his arrival home.
格林兄弟出生于莱茵河畔的哈瑙,具有很高创造力,将当时民间的文学资料搜集起来,并合而为一,哥哥雅各布·格林是严谨的史家,弟弟威廉·格林文笔优美,一起来阅读《格林童话》。
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《格林童话》是18世纪初两位德国历史学家兼语言学家搜集整理的民间传说、童话故事集,他们是一对彼此极友爱的兄弟——雅各·格林和威廉·格林,后人习惯称呼他们格林兄弟。需要特别强调,格林童话不是创作的童话。格林兄弟是做学问的人,他们致力于收集整理民间的童话、神话、传记,很忠实地把收集到的东西整理成为文字,然后还很严谨地考证这些童话的出处。为了收集这些童话,两兄弟可谓费尽心力。
从1806年开始,他们凭着为子孙后代恢复和保存民间文学遗产的信念,前后经过8年的努力,才完成了收集整理的计划,共搜集整理了210多篇童话故事。在这过程里,他们不知作了多少艰难跋涉,哪儿有善讲故事的老奶奶或者大爷,他们就—定去纡尊降贵,去说服、去恳求、去聆听人家讲述,同时—字一句地完整忠实地记录下来。忠实,这是他们恪守的搜集和记录的原则。另—方面,他们又坚持对语言作必须的清理、加工,以实现完整和统一。
格林兄弟收集整理的童话,于1812年至1815年期间陆续出版了。孩子们发现了这本书,立刻着迷不已,他们把繁琐的考证统统扔掉,只去读里面的故事,而且津津有味。后来再版的时候就只有童话故事了,也就是我们今天看到的.样子。出版至今,《格林童话》创造了一个世界性的奇迹:它的实际阅读群体无以计数,但在每一个有儿童且有书的家庭中,几乎必有一本格林童话或根据它改编的故事。在西方基督教国家中,它的销量仅次于《圣经》!
在中国,至少有100种以上的译本和译改本,几乎每一个会讲故事的孩子,都会讲出一个源于格林童话的故事。是什么令孩子们如此着迷呢?有批评者对此深惑不解,特别是成人世界的文学批评者。以普通的角度来批评格林童话,实在是太容易不过的事情——这简直是一部让人无法容忍的作品!故事情节简单、老套,开头总是遇到困难,困难无法克服的时候总是有仙女、精灵帮助,结尾总是善恶有报、皆大欢喜;人物形象一点也不丰满,几乎完全没有心理描写;语言干巴巴,思想庸俗,除了故事足够的稀奇古怪之外,几乎毫无优点可谈。
甚至有人觉得这样的东西会害了孩子,并声称鲁迅先生如果在世,看见这么多爸爸妈妈给孩子读格林童话,肯定会喊出“救救孩子”的话来的。这样的观点很有意思。其实,鲁迅先生在世的时候,还参与过中国早期的童话和儿童故事的翻译引进工作,其中不少就是从格林童话中来的,或源于格林童话的故事。
《格林童话》也不是后来的人突发奇想弄来的,也是这些前辈引进的东西之一。我来假设这里有一个5岁的孩子,他为我们讲故事:……他拿起刀就把他杀死了,然后娶了公主。后来他们一起住在一座美丽的城堡里。我们会为这个孩子鼓掌,“讲得真棒”、 “很好玩”!但是如果一个25、35、50岁的人,也这么来讲故事,大家可能会皱眉头,“这么讲,谁不会呀”、“太无趣了”!——对格林童话的批评大概类似如此。批评的人忘记了,这种来自民间的未经雕琢的故事本来就是很朴拙的。
如果站在孩子的立场上看,格林童话无论是题材内容还是艺术表现形式,都十分投合他们的欣赏趣味和审美心理。这些童话给孩子们无穷的想象世界增添了丰富的素材,而在伦理观念上非常简单直接地满足了孩子们朴素的善与正义观。连格林兄弟自己恐怕也没想到,他们辛苦整理来的这些原始故事素材,不但征服了德国的孩子们,也让全世界的孩子们这么长久地为之着迷。不是格林童话选择了孩子,而是孩子选择了格林童话。
好书推荐《格林童话集》
格林兄弟在19世纪初搜集、整理的德国古老传说和民间故事,共收入童话200多篇。童话中有可爱的白雪公主、善良的小矮人、夫真的小红帽、可怜的在姑娘,以及狠毒的继母、狡猾的大灰狼和贪婪的渔夫妻子等。
书中有许许多多感人至深的精彩故事,让你在品读的同时也学到做人的学问.语言通俗易懂、幽默风趣。故事情节优美,相信一定会令广大少年儿童爱不释手。
《格林童话》这本书最为突出的特点,就是赞美勇敢、机智、心灵美的人物和善与恶、美与丑的对比,宣扬善良必将战胜邪恶的主题。
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童话,是人们不可拒绝的,童话,是人们所盼望的。每个人都希望自己生活的世界像童话般的不可思议,像童话般的幸福与美好。
我们每一个人,甚至我们的父母,都在格林童话的影响之下长大:我们伴着小红帽走在去外婆家的路上,采撷这路边最艳丽的野花;我们为白雪公主的去世掬一捧眼泪,在王子出现的时候再破涕为笑;我们憎恨着灰姑娘丑陋的继母和两个姐姐,同情着那位睡在煤灰堆里的女孩;还有可爱的七只小山羊,会变成王子的青蛙,恬静的睡美人,恩爱的白雪和红玫瑰……
这一个个鲜活的人物形象永远停留在我们童年的记忆里。第一次我们对善于恶,美与丑,贫与富有了一个模糊的概念,而那最初的智慧与道德概念居然来自那个遥远的国度,由那个高大而坚韧的民族为我们讲述,而格林童话中那永远幸福的结局又给小小的我们带来了多少欢乐和梦想。
《格林童话》中有篇童话是非常著名的.,也是我非常喜欢的,那就是《白雪公主》。这篇童话我觉得是格林兄弟的骄傲,是他们的经典之作。
“白雪公主原是在皇宫里过着平凡的生活,但由于她的继母嫉妒她的美丽,想至她于死地,所以白雪公主被迫逃到了森林里,幸运的是她遇到了善良的七个小矮人。但是皇后知道了白雪公主还没死,就住在七个小矮人的家里,所以又研制了一个毒苹果,毒死了白雪公主。但好人有好报,白雪公主终究过上了幸福的生活。”
“格林童话”中的每一篇童话都在教育我们怎样做人。
其中,我记忆最深的就是《渔夫和他的妻子》的故事:从前,有一位渔夫和他的妻子,是靠打鱼过日子的,生活得很贫穷,只有一条破船。有一天,渔夫去打鱼,打到了一条比目鱼,这条比目鱼是一位王子,是被巫婆施了魔法的。王子请渔夫把他放回大海,渔夫就把比目鱼王子放回了大海。
渔夫把这件事告诉了自己的妻子,妻子贪心地说:“你这个笨蛋,你干嘛不向他要一茅屋呢?快去啊!快快去向他要一间茅屋去啊!”渔夫去找比目鱼,比目鱼一口答应了。渔夫的妻子还想要一座更漂亮的房子,比目鱼都一一答应了。渔夫的妻子越来越贪心了,接着,要做国王、教皇,比目鱼都答应了。但又过了几天,渔夫的妻子又想做上帝,想让太阳、月亮也听她的指挥,可比目鱼没有答应,最后,又恢复到了原样。
这个故事告诉了我们,不可以贪心,如果贪心的话,你就会变成了一个很贪的人。凡是靠别人过日子的,最后,不利的还是自己。以后,我们一定要好好学习,掌握更多的知识和本领,做一个靠自己的本领好好生活的人!
格林童话不仅仅是“小儿科”的睡前读物,它是德国文学的一块不可多得的瑰宝,它是整个古老日耳曼民族智慧的结晶,它经过两位出色的语言学家的整理,走入了全世界孩子的内心,成为了开启他们心智的第一把钥匙,成为拜访他们人生的第一部着作。而那个古老而内敛的民族,却像一位神秘的爷爷一样在黑森林幽暗的光线中安详的守望着一代又一代孩子们纯真的微笑……