do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔…) …
翻译：1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。（用被动语态）
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一．一般过去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻译：1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了2000个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有20年了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗？
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done → had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去；到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完)… when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完)… than(一般过去) 表示“刚…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) “那是第几次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本…”
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作；
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间；at…o’clock + 过去时间；from…to…+过去时间； those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢？
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时will do → will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. ***回来之前你不要出去。（要求或命令他人做某事）
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时would do → would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do ….when…该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时will be + doing→ will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时will have +done → will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
动词是表示动作或状态的词，根据其意义和作用，动词可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。动词涉及的内容很多，本书仅就研究生
一、时态(Tense)
时态是表示动作发生的时间和表现方式的一种动词形式，英语动词的时态有16种，但在研究生考试以及其他考试中常考的时态只有几种。不管何种时态，所包含的主要内容都是相同的，即时态的构成以及用法。本书着重讲解重要时态的用法。
(一)一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)
1. 表示客观真理或科学事实。
例句： The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than that of the earth;in consequence, the force of gravity at the moon?s surface is only one?sixth of that at the earth?s surface.
分析： 该句是复合句，定语从句that is nearly...less than that of the earth修饰a mass;in consequence后是另一个并列句。
译文： 月球的`质量差不多是地球质量的1/100，因此月球表面的引力只有地球表面引力的1/6。
例句： One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. By this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. (2001年第8题)
分析： 该句由两个句子构成，前一个是简单句，后一个句子是复合句;that后是一宾语从句。
译文： 翻译中的一个难点在于找到一个相对应的概念。这就是说，在翻译过程中一种语言的概念会丢失或发生意义上的改变。
2. 表示现在反复发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的状态，常与always，often，usually， sometimes， once a week，seldom，never等时间状语连用。
例句： It?s usually the case that people seldom behave in a rational way when in a furious state.
分析： 该句是复合句，从句that people seldom behave in a rational way是the case的同位语;when后省略了people are。
译文： 人们在暴怒时通常会丧失理智。
例句： Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. (选自2003年Text 4)
分析： 该句是复合句，其中主干部分为physicians too often offer aggressive treatment...。分词短语frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient作physicians的后置定语;从句what is scientifically justified作介词beyond 的宾语。
译文： 医生由于不能够治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，因而常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超过了科学所能认同的界限。
3. 表示按计划进行的将来动作，常用come，arrive，catch，fly，leave，go，start等词。
例句： When he comes, please inform him of all that I have just told you.
分析： 该句是复合句。该复合句中包含when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句。
译文： 他来时，请转告他我告诉你的一切。
4. 用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
例句： He will come the moment he finishes his work.
分析： 该句中的the moment为连词，意为“一……就”，相当于as soon as。
译文：他一结束工作就会来。
例句： If it is fine tomorrow, we?ll go shopping.
译文： 如果明天天气好的话，我们将去逛商场。
5. 表示主语的能力、性格、个性等。
例句： As an industry, biotechnology stands to rival electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact
by 2020. (2001年第25题)
分析： 该句是简单句，surpass前省略了不定式to。
译文： 作为一门产业，生物技术在营业额上可以与电子业相媲美，并且到了2020年还有可能在社会影响上超过它。
例句： The director treats his staff as equals.
译文： 主任对其下属一视同仁。
6. 表示格言或警句。
例句： A fence needs the support of three stakes; an able fellow needs the help of three other people.
译文： 一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。
例句： Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.
译文： 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
小学英语基础知识汇总
一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
注意：(我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。)
行为动词：
主语+行为动词(+其它)
如：We study English.我们学习英语。
注意：(当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。)
一般现在时的变化：
1. be动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+be+其它
He is a worker. 他是工人。
否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。
(be动词移到句首)
如：I am a student.
-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：My bike is under the tree.
Is your bike under the tree?
Where is your bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如：I like bread. I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。
如：He ofter plays football.
He doesn't often play football.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。(句首加助动词do, does)
如：I often play football.
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike.
- Does she go to school by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike.
Does she go to school by bike?
How does she go to school?
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(句中一般含有now, look, listen.)
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
3.现在进行时的'否定句在be后加not。
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is not reading books in his study .
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句?
(注意：当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing)
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
What is Tom doing in his study?
Where is Tom reading books?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
英语励志名言
1、Do one thing at a time, and do well.
一次只做一件事，做到最好!
2、Never forget to say “thanks”.
永远不要忘了说“谢谢”!
3、Keep on going never give up.
勇往直前， 决不放弃!
4、Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事就值得把它做好!
5、Believe in yourself.
相信你自己!
6、I can because i think i can.
我行，因为我相信我行!
7、Action speak louder than words.
行动胜于言语!
8、Never say die.
永不气馁!
9、Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.
今日事今日毕!
10、The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好!
11、You cannot improve your past, but you can improve your future. Once time is wasted, life is wasted.
你不能改变你的过去，但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了，生命就浪费了。
12、Knowlegde can change your fate and English can accomplish your future.
知识改变命运，英语成就未来。
13、Don't aim for success if you want it; just do what you love and believe in, and it will come naturally.
如果你想要成功，不要去追求成功;尽管做你自己热爱的事情并且相信它，成功自然到来。
14、Jack of all trades and master of none.
门门精通，样样稀松。
15、Judge not from appearances.
人不可貌相，海不可斗量。
16、Justice has long arms.
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
17、Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.
近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
18、Kill two birds with one stone.
一箭双雕。
19、Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it.
君王发狂，百姓遭殃。
20、Kings have long arms.
普天之下，莫非王土。
