英语写作测试，其实主要还是要考查学生组织英语语言的能力，和用英语表达思想的能力，体裁不外乎议论文，说明文和应用文，主题也是在大学生熟知话题基础上的翻新或扩展。 综观历年的四级
大学英语四级写作的评分依据是: 切题、条理、语言和字数。所谓切题, 就是看写的作文是否跑题; 所谓条理是指每一段的议论正反明晰, 说明的几个方面清楚, 描述的时间正确。
一、审题
我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的是审题。审题的作用在于写作不跑题( 如果跑题, 条理和语言再好, 也得不到及格分, 甚至0 分。) 审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。就四级而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看, 四级作文不是单一的体裁, 而是几种体裁的杂合体。
二、组织结构
通过审题, 我们知道了写作的思路, 下边就是怎样组织文章。文章的结构一般包括开头、正文、结尾3 部分。就四级作文而言, 多为三段式论说文: 第一段为开头, 点题开篇; 第二段为正文, 展开论述; 第三段为结尾, 总结全文,作出结论。一般的, 开头、结尾部分应见解明确, 主体部分论证应全面、充分。总之, 开头、正文、结尾是一篇文章的有机组成部分, 切忌结构不完整或不合理。段落内部的结构通常也分为3 部分: 提出观点( 主题句) , 论证观点( 扩展句) , 得出结论( 结论句) 。
三、开头
文章开头的方法有很多, 如引语法、主题句法、数字统计法、提问法、举例法等。就四级短文写作而言, 最重要的不是采用什么方法, 而是要做到以简洁的笔墨引入正题,切忌写成一个 狮子头! 。如以On Automobiles 为题的文章, 有的`同学这样开头: Automobile is a means of transporta..tion. In Jinan alone there are over 100, 000 cars. It. s estimated that there are at least 50 million ones in the world. It is a largenumber. From this, we can see that automobiles have become amajor kind of useful vehicle in the world.
120 字的短文, 开头就占用了40 多字, 留给正文和结论段的篇幅和时间就很少了。何况, 这段内容与汽车带来的利弊这一主题关系并不直接, 其中的数字也不见得准确。因此, 这样的开头不可取。事实上, 上段开头完全可以写得简洁直接一些, 如: As an important means of transpor..tation, automobiles are enjoying growing popularity all over theworld.
四、主题句
主题句是全段的核心句, 可以帮助读者了解段落的中心思想, 限制话题范围, 并表明段落展开的方向。它可置于段首, 段中或段尾。对于四级写作而言, 把主题句置于段首更易于扣住中心展开论述。对主题句的运用有以下几点要求:
1. 主题句应具有高度概括性, 换言之就是整个段落应紧紧围绕主题句来写, 不能出现与之无关的内容。
2. 主题句应是个完整的句子。
3. 主题句不应过于笼统, 否则就失去了对整段的统帅作用。
4. 主题句不应太具体, 否则会没有进一步展开的空间。如: The dictionary is small 这样的句子。
近年来常见的作文题型是提纲式作文, 这些提纲句如果是汉语, 往往可以被翻译成英语来充当段落主题句, 如果是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句。例如有一年四级题目Good Health , 提纲有三条, 分别是:
1. Importance of good health
2.Ways to keep fit
3. My own practice
这样的作文要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为:
* It is very important to have good health. ( 把名词impor..tance 变成形容词important)
* There are four ways to keep fit for me. ( 用there be 句型)
* My own practices are the following.
五、结尾
如前所述, 文章的结论应紧扣主题, 呼应文章开头。这种呼应不是对开头的简单重复, 而是主题的升华或深入。从篇幅来看, 结尾应该短小精悍。常见结尾写法有:
1. 总结文章主要内容, 这是最常见的方法。
2. 提出希望或展望未来。
3. 对文章提出的观点进行反问, 启发读者思考。如:An open China has realized the importance of business. Whyshould we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture?
4. 引用谚语或名人
六、条理
保证不跑题是写作中第一重要任务, 第二个重要任务是条理清楚。对于议论文来说, 正反面要清楚, 对于说明文来说, 1、2、3条要清楚。对于描述文来说, 谁干什么要清楚。举Good Health 一例。第一段保持正反面要清楚就应该这样写: 主题句( It is very important to have good health) , 正面(With good health, we can. . . . ) , 反面(Without good health,we can do nothing. We can. t do . . . . . )
第二段应这样写: 主题句( There are four ways to keepfit) , 从几方面说明: Firstly ,we should have our breakfast in themorning. Secondly, we should have a nap at noon, Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fouth, wecould have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to themusic. . . .为了使文章更具条理性, 我们可以用first ( ly) , second( ly) , third( ly) 等副词, 使文章的条理性突出, 作文是主观性题, 要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师时间很短( 每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完) 。
所以我们在列条条时最好不用: To begin with, after that,and then , the next , the following , at last, 因为这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。第三段应这样写: 主题句(My own practice are the fol..lowing) , 具体情况( 主语为第一人称代词I, 与第二段呼应)In the morning , I have my breakfast. At noon, I have a nap.And in the afternoon, I always play football . In the evening, Iusually listen to the classic music.
写作是英语学习者语言综合运用能力的体现，它需要日积月累，反复练习才能有所提高。写作本身就是一种再创作，一种思想升华，不同的人会有不同的理解和看法。学习者只要悉心揣摩，细心观察，不断总结，做一个英语学习中的有心人，势必可以熟能生巧，妙笔生花。
英语四级作文常用开头句
[1] When asked about…, the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that…. But I think/view a bit differently.
[2] When it comes to …m some people believe that…. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.
[3] Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that… They claim/ believe/argue that … But I wonder/doubt whether…
2)现象法——引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。
[1] Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of … has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
[2] Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of … has been brought into focus/into public attention.
[3] Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality … is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
3)观点法——开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
[1] Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that…
[2] Now there is a(n) growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to…
[3] Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of …
[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that…
4)引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
[3] "…" We often hear statements/words like those/this.
[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "…".
5)比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。
[1] For years, ...had been viewed as … But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing …, people …
[2] People used to think that …(In the past, ...) But people now share this new idea.
6)故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用!
[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt … The phenomenon of … has aroused public concern.
[2] I have a friend who … Should he …? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.
[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who … This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.
英语四级作文常用结尾句
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude that …
②Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above, it is evident / clear / obvious that …
⑤Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented, I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear, therefore, that …
⑧All in all, what really matters is, in fact, to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion, the most important is …
⑿ On the whole, it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result, we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics, it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing, can be really …
20XX年12月19日大学英语四级
本次四级写作
我们已经拿到了三个题目，大家可以一起来看一下你考的是哪个题目。
第一篇作文题目是：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make something happen” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being creative rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words, no more than 180 words.
第二篇作文题目是：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ‘Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
第三篇作文题目是：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of listening. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
此次作文，依旧没有考察“热点”的“环境、文化、网络”等大话题，而是“平民草根、接地气”的人生哲理类，三个题目在今年的考试当中有以下几个特点：
第一，易审题，延续了上一次四级写作考试“反押题”的倾向。
之前我们可能会去了解了宏观的大话题，这次考试题目预测和之前的准备有所出入。作文的主题非常开放而明显，基本上不存在跑题的问题，所有考生均可表达自己的观点。
第二，重语言，主题明确，考生比拼的就是“语言质量”本身。
一篇不再“假大空”的文章，注定不需要使用太多“大而华丽的空洞语言、口号语言”，而在于考生能否灵活运用一些基础词汇和固定表达，写出语法正确、语言流畅的文章。同学们比拼的是驾驭英语语言本身的能力，对词汇、语法、固定句型套用的熟练程度和精采程度。
第三，技巧和能力并重。
北京新东方四六级课堂所倡导的'“写作技巧与范文背诵”作文备考思路依旧得到体现和应用。考生既要规律性总结历年真题出题的特点，又要勤加背诵和练习考前的范文。宗旨，多背，多写，背好，写好，总能够在考场上有话好说，有分可拿。
第四，目前的题目是描述与议论文并重。
这次的考试其实更多的是重在考生的思考问题、发表评论、写议论文的能力。这样的话题涉及的面比较广、话题比较正式，作文考的是你真正的语言描述和议论点能力。
以上四点是我们对本次四级考试作文部分的题型的归纳和总结。大家在备考的时候还是要技巧与背诵并重。我们应该学会如何举例子、写过程、去描述，如何发表论述、论证。第二点我们可能更多的要进行考前的背诵。在新东方在线的官网上有大量的考前跟这三道题目话题非常接近的范文，不知道同学们有没有背到和下载。如果您有相应的准备加上新东方老师讲的相应的策略、技巧和方法，我想本次作文题目应该是非常简单的，手到擒来。这是我们对四级作文的一个点评。
通过我们的点评和解析，你大概了解自己的考试成绩和状态，如果你觉得自己考得不错的话，给自己放一个美好的寒假，让自己放松一下，多读一些书，跟朋友交流都可以。如果你发现自己的作文还是有问题，那你在寒假开始也许就应该开始背单词，甚至准备我们在2016年6月份四六级的考试。我们新东方在线诸多的课程包括全程班也许就是同学们一个不错的选择。
第二，对今天下午要考六级的同学，我们对作文这个专项也有一个小小的提醒，因为12月份的四级和6级的四级高度的一致，我们也可以进行一个预测，下午的六级是不是也会延续上次考试出题的风格，六级还是会出“引语作文”，给你一句
