一 十大类词
感叹词(interjection interj.)
感叹词是用于表达各种感情的词，与后面句子的其余成分无语法联系。
dear mewell oh,my god oha
代词(pronoun pron.) 代词是少林派
代指一类人,事或物的词。
动词(verb v.) 动词——武当派
是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。
数词(numeral num.) 数词——峨眉派
数词是表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。
形容词(adjective adj.) 形容词——衡山派
形容词修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
名词(noun n.) 名词——丐帮 缺钙背名词
名词是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的'词。
连接词(conjunction conj.)
连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的词。
副词(adverb adv.) 副词——绿叶派
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语，以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词。甚至可以修饰整个句子。作用十分强大。
介词(preposition prep.) 介词——丐帮分派
介词又称前置词，在句中不单独作任何句子成分。介词后面必须有名词、名词性词组或名词性从句作它的宾语，构成介词短语。
冠词(article art.)
冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种词。
1 名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词——实词
冠词，介词，连词，感叹词——虚词
2 很多单词不仅仅属于一个词类。
right adj.&n. fine adj. n.
rightadj. 对的 n. 权利
finev. 罚款 adj.好的
flyv. 飞 n. 苍蝇
3 有些词类可以继续细分。
分为三类
①名词及相关类（名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词，形容词）代词——替身派
②动词及相关类（动词，副词）
③其他类 （叹词，连词）
十大门派 牢记于心
二 句子成分
词可以按照一定的语法结构组成句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
主谓宾 定状补+表语
例子：He runs quickly.
主语是句子所叙述的主体，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”
名词及相关类（名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词，形容词）可做主语
谓语是用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语里必须有动词。重点 人称和数要保持一致
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。
状语——灵活派
例子：He did homework.
宾语是动作、行为的对象，表示动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
主谓宾搭配 干活不累
He did his English homework.
定语用来修饰名词或代词。
His father gave him a new pen. 双宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语：直接宾语是及物动词的对象；间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的。
The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework.
宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充和说明的句子成分。、
宾补的结构make sb do sth
“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语（如make，keep，get等+宾语+宾补）
He is a teacher.
系表同根生 相煎何太急
He looks young. 系动词
When I was young, I could swim well.
状语从句，主语，系动词，谓语，状语
几点提醒：
1完整的句子是主谓完整的。
2一般情况下主语都在谓语前面。否则是倒装结构。
3表语一定是放在连系动词后面。
4宾语有双宾语结构和复合宾语结构。
5定语并不总是放在被修饰词前面。
6状语最灵活，功能也最为强大。
7除了谓语和宾语补足语之外，其他的都可以由从句（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句）来充当。
英语句子成分分
一、主语(subject): 是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语(predicative):表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的.系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
五、主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well. ()
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
七、状语：状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可*和值得信赖的信息的信心。
The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。
Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
= While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求， 并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
