在我国，英美文学的经典作品赢得部分中文作家和学者普遍认可，本文浅谈谈经典英美文学的译文批评与赏析之方法，欢迎阅读。
【摘要】通过使用中文进行英美经典文学的翻译，也让越来越多人的开始认识和了解经典的英文文学作品，但是因为不同的理解角度不同的翻译方式也让翻译的文本呈现出不同的赏析内涵，以及不同的翻译理念。本次研究就针对翻译批评和赏析方式进行研究探讨，希望掌握其中的内涵价值。
【关键词】经典 英美文学 译文批评 赏析方法
前言
随着我国社会经济的不断发展，我国人民在满意物质生活的基础上，同时开始开始追求精神生活层面的享受。伴随我国加入世贸组织，经典的西方文学在我国迅速普及，在很大程度上缓解人们的精神文明建设层面的迫切需求。但是，因为西方文学经典在创作的过程中使用的语言体系与我国人民的母语体系存在很大差别，所以需要在语言结构和内涵上进行深入理解和研究。
一、批评与赏析
1.大众理解角度的翻译批评和赏析。根据我国中文语言体系的理解范畴和认知进行分析，目前我国文学研究工作者对于翻译批评和赏析两种研究体系的概念理解还存在一定程度的困难。因为翻译批评和翻译赏析的概念存在相似的内容，所以需要深入的进行分析和理解才能够掌握两种概念的内涵。这两种翻译文学的概念存在很高的专业性，翻译批评在我国英汉翻译词典中的解释为相关的翻译工作者通过一些固定的翻译参考标准进行外文内容和词语的翻译，与此同时应当关注文本翻译的文学质量，通过文学翻译和理解的模式翻译出需求的文学文本，并针对翻译的文本进行翻译价值的全面评估。
2.文学中的翻译批评。从文学翻译批评的工作角度进行分析，针对翻译的文学作品和原作者的思维进行深入的体会和理解，才能够达成翻译批评和赏析的需求。很多时候不能够完全的理解和掌握翻译文学原作者的思维，就需要进行文学作品的深入解读，通过联系常这个文学作品、翻译文本工作者和读者之间的关系，进一步在翻译文学作品中体会其文学价值和内涵，这也是翻译批评工作三个重要的组成部分。由此可见，在文学作品翻译的过程中应用翻译批评模式，必须要在文学作品原来的基础上进行翻译批评理解，这样的研究和翻译工作就可以理解原作者的'文学作品对文学层面的理解，并且可以掌握原作者文学写作的方式和思想的表达。
二、翻译批评与现有角色问题
针对英美经典文学作品进行翻译，需要观察到翻译批评和文学作品中现有角色的分析问题，针对经典英美文学进行翻译的过程中需要重视翻译批评的三个重点内容。首先，第一点是文学作品的翻译批评工作具备一个指南准则，这一效应应用于翻译文学作品本身，可以提供帮助一些帮助，能够让翻译工作者翻译出容易让译本读者深入阅读和理解文W作品本身的作品，翻译的批评方式主要应用于翻译作品的内涵解读。通过翻译批评的方式让读者和原著者之间形成一种相互交流的文学理念传递思维；其次，第二点就是评价文学翻译批评和赏析之间的作用，这对翻译评价呈现文学作品的原创精神具有重要的意义和价值；再者，第三点交流和沟通的文学作品翻译目标，主要是指通过翻译指南标准的批评认定之后，形成对文学作品翻译文本的确认，通过翻译的文学作品联系我国与世界文学行业共同发展，并构建深入交流的平台，进而形成世界文学翻译学术领域中心体系。
三、经典文学作品翻译差异性
文学的创作过程中，作者会使用写作的修辞技巧来提升文学作品审美价值，因此，翻译工作者也需要表使用不同的修辞手法达了原作者作品中的内涵，这对于翻译作品的内涵及理解存在非常不同的影响。例如，通过苔丝的世界即黛丝姑娘这部作品被称为经典英美文学的代表的艺术家哈迪，在其作品创作过程中就体现出修辞方法的丰富层次，也展现出不同翻译工作人员都具有每个人翻译的独特性格。本次研究就针对三种不同的翻译文本进行分析和解读，尝试分析翻译中中存在的差异。这部文学作品中有一句话：“Boy， take up that basket ！ I want， ee to go on an errand for me.The lath-like stripling frowned... it has been just found out by me this present afternoon P. M.”针对原著中的这段话进行翻译，因为有三个不同的翻译文本就呈现出三种不同的翻译内容，其中具有比较大差异的就是对“男孩”和“小男人”的翻译差异，以及对“命令做”和“帮助做”这两点内容的翻译和理解就呈现出很大的差距。通过三种不同的翻译可以体会到针对同一章节和句子理解程度上存在的差异性，影响翻译出来的文本呈现出不同的阅读理解和感受。部分翻译工作者这是简单的翻译句子的原意，而还有一部分翻译工作者希望通过体会作品原本的内涵进行翻译层面的深入解读，通过翻译的内容增加文学作品的审美价值，增加自己对作品的理解进行进一步的翻译解读。
四、翻译批评与赏析的合理性升值
任何一部文学作品的原著和翻译后的文本都存在内涵和理解程度上的差异，这也影响着读者对原著的阅读和体会，翻译文本的实际情况与读者的阅读存在差异性，如何促进这种合理性的升值，就需要翻译工作者能够将文学原著作为一个个体，深入理解其中的内容，再通过解读后的方式展现出个人的理解和判断，通过发挥思考的能力实现对文本阅读的深入理解。
总之，文化元素和文化类型不同影响文学作品的特征存在差异，文学翻译批评和赏析的终极目标即提升翻译质量，提升不同的文学翻译文本的实用价值。让人们在阅读和体会的过程当中发现文学艺术的审美价值。
参考文献：
[1]廖炜春，金衡山.从高校美国文学教材看20世纪80年代中国的美国文学教学与研究[J].外语教学理论与实践，2015，01：43-49+96.
在七夕节即将来临之际，给大家推荐一些英剧美剧中的经典表白吧，大家可以从中学习一些表白技巧，这样的话，不管是撩弟还是撩妹都可以所向披靡啦！
首先推荐的是经典喜剧《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）中谢耳朵的表白片段。看过这部剧的同学们应该都知道，谢耳朵是一个智商极高情商极低的理工男，但是你们知道吗？是谢耳朵先向艾米提出交往的！！难以置信吧，这里可是有音频为证！
Amy: Anything else?
Sheldon: I believe I would like to alter the paradigm of our relationship.
Amy: I'm listening.
Sheldon: With the understanding that nothing changes whatsoever, physical or otherwise, I would not object to us no longer characterizing you as "not my girlfriend."
Amy: Interesting. Now try it without the quadruple negative.
Sheldon: You're being impossible.
Amy: Hi, Stuart.
Sheldon: Fine. Amy… will you be my girlfriend?
Amy: Yes.
Sheldon: Well, that's enough of that.
艾米：还有什么话要说吗？
谢耳朵：我想改变我俩的关系模式。
艾米：我洗耳恭听。
谢耳朵：基于无论如何都维持原状的共识，包括身体或其他方面，我将不会不同意、也不再把你定位为"不是我女朋友"。
艾米：有意思。现在把"不"字去掉再给我说一遍。
谢耳朵：你别得寸进尺。
艾米：嗨，斯图尔特。
谢耳朵：好吧，艾米，你愿意做我女朋友吗？
艾米：愿意。
谢耳朵：好，这样就够了。
不愧是谢耳朵的表白，我等凡人就算翻译成中文都有些听不懂呢。就在谢耳朵的那句又长又别扭的告白中，有个词组object to，意思是“反对、不赞成”。在大家的第一印象中，object是作为名词存在的，意为“物体”或者“宾语”，但是object作为动词的时候就是“反对”了，它的名词形式是objection，相当于我们在法庭上喊的“反对！”，在律政类美剧中经常会听到。
谢耳朵的表白对我们来说难度似乎大了一些些，没关系，我们还可以听听别的。在美剧《无耻之徒》（Shameless）的'第一季第一集中，史蒂夫对菲奥娜来了一段文艺又浪漫的真情告白。
Fiona: Yeah, so how come you're not stalking Jenna?
Steve: Because you… you think like that and Jenna doesn't. Jenna dances for an audience. You dance like there's no one else in the room. Your life's not simple, Fiona, and you can't stop it from showing because you're no fake. You're not lost, you don't need finding. This whole city belongs to the Jennas, but I'm sick of them. I swear, Fiona, you're nothing like anyone I've ever met. You make me want to enjoy my life again.
菲奥娜：对，你怎么没去追詹娜呢？
史蒂夫：因为你……你跟詹娜不一样。詹娜是为观众而舞，而你跳得旁若无人。你的生活复杂沉重，菲奥娜。但是你的光芒无法掩盖，因为你真挚动人。你没有迷失，不需要发现自我。或许整个城市都是詹娜的，但我受够了那样的女人。菲奥娜，我发誓，你真的与众不同，你让我想重新享受我的人生。
学到了吗少年！！表白的时候要先将对方一通猛夸！！让心上人知道你喜欢她哪一点是非常重要的！在史蒂夫的表白中，他用了sick of来表示他对其他女孩不感兴趣，be sick of可以用来表达“对某事感到厌倦”，也就是史蒂夫的用法，但是也可以表达“对某事感到厌恶”，呃，这个就有点严重了，要慎用。
接着再给大家介绍一个深情款款的告白。在《吸血鬼
Damon: I just have to say something.
Elena: Why do you have to say it with my necklace?
Damon: Well… because what I'm about to say is… probably the most selfish thing I've ever said in my life.
Elena: Damon, don't go there.
Damon: No. I just have to say it once. You just need to hear it. I love you, Elena. And it's because I love you that… I can't be selfish with you… Why you can't know this? I don't deserve you… But my brother does. God, I wish you didn't have to forget this. But you do.
达蒙：我有话要说。
艾琳娜：非要拿着我的项链说吗？
达蒙：哦… 因为我要说的… 大概是我这辈子说过最自私的话了。
艾琳娜：达蒙，别说了。
达蒙：不，就让我说一次，你听着就好。我爱你，艾琳娜。因为我爱你… 所以不能对你那么自私… 为什么你不能知道我爱你？ 我配不上你… 但我弟弟可以。天呐，真希望你不用忘了我说的话，但你必须忘了。
真是太感人了······因为爱，所以达蒙告白了，但是也因为爱，达蒙消除了艾琳娜的这段记忆。达蒙在表示“我配不上你”的时候用了deserve这个单词，deserve原意是“值得、应该得到”，比如我们经常听到的“you deserve it”就表示“这是你应得的”，不过在这段告白中，deserve的意思则是“配得上”了。
所以，同学们，就算不知道对方是否喜欢自己，也要大胆地说出自己的心意呀，你怎么知道她对你是否有意思呢？不表白，你就一辈子没有希望啊。你看，达蒙在第四季的时候，就得到了艾琳娜的回应。
Elena: Fine. Then I'm not sorry either. I'm not sorry that I met you. I'm not sorry that knowing you has made me question everything and that in death you're the one that made me feel most alive. You've been a terrible person. You made all the wrong choices, and of all the choices that I have made, this will prove to be the worst one, but I am not sorry that I'm in love with you. I love you, Damon. I love you.
艾琳娜：好吧，那我也不感到遗憾。我不后悔遇见了你，我不后悔认识你，让我质疑生命中的一切。即使已经死去，是你让我觉得充满活力。你是个很糟糕的人，你做出的选择都是错的，而我做的所有决定中，这恐怕是最糟的一个了，但我不后悔爱上你。我爱你，达蒙。我爱你。
隔着屏幕我都已经感受到艾琳娜的热情与决心了。要知道，在爱情里没有什么配得上配不上，只有爱或不爱。在艾琳娜的回应里，用了很多个sorry，但是这些sorry的意思有些不太一样。大家所熟知的sorry是用来道歉的，不过这里很明显，没有道歉的意思，人家可是在告白诶。第一个sorry表示的是“遗憾”，从第二个sorry开始，就都是“后悔”的意思了，“I’m not sorry”就是“我不后悔”。
怎么样？get到有用的技能了吗？还没向喜欢的人告白的朋友们，赶快踩着春天的尾巴，勇敢地表达自己的爱意吧！
20xx年英美文学试题
20xx年英美文学试题
PART ONE (40 POINTS)
I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet.
1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（ ）.
A. humanism B. realism C. naturalism D. skepticism
2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except（ ）.
A. Hamlet and King Lear B. Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth
C. Julius Caesar and Othello D. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream
3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays by
A. Francis Bacon B. Samuel Johnson C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift
4.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent（ ）touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.
A. nostalgic B. humorous C. romantic D. ironic
5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by（ ）.
A. Christopher Marlowe B. Ben Jonson C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. George Bernard Shaw
6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“（ ）in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
A. tragic epic B. comic epic C. romance D. lyric epic
7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests（ ）.
A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically set B. the poet’s fear of the predator
C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvil D. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation
8.“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
The above dialogue must be taken from（ ）.
A. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice B. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights
C. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte Saga D. George Eliot’s Middlemarch
9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection（ ）.
A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Ulysses C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners
10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except（ ）.
A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people
B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
C. the humble and rustic life as subject matter
D. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?
（ ） A. Simile. B. Metonymy. C. Pun. D. Synecdoche.
12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（ ）.
A. J. Keats B. W. Blake C. W. Wordsworth D. P. B. Shelley
13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by
A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. John Keats D. Lord Gordon Byron
14.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is often regarded as a typical example of（ ）.
A. allegory B. romance C. epic in prose D. fable
15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by（ ）rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.
A. classical B. romantic C. sentimental D. allegorical
16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and（ ）.”
A. skimmed B. perfected C. imitated D. digested
17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from（ ）.
A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper” B. Eliot’s“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
C. Coleridge’s“Kubla Khan” D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
18.(The)（ ）was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.
A. Romanticism B. Humanism
C. Enlightenment D. Sentimentalism 19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（ ）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.
A. morality B. justice C. property D. humor
20.The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the （ ）.
A. bitter satire B. larger-than-life caricature C. Latinized diction D. dramatic monologue
21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（ ）.
A. slum landlordism B. political corruption in England
C. economic oppression of women D. religious corruption in England
22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be
A. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles B. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
C. George Eliot’s Middlemarch D. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is（ ）. A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman
24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to
A. Hawthorne’s observation that every man faces a black wall
B. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evil
C. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story
D. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes
25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his（ ）in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.
A. crudeness B. elegance C. conciseness D. subtlety
26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of（ ）.
A. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby B. Dreiser’s An American Tragedy
C. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls D. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
27.Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because（ ）.
A. all enjoyed living in the declining American South B. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutions C. most of them were prisoners of the past D. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable
28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because
A. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a human
B. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorilla C. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic stroller
D. he could feel the kinship only with the beast
29.In（ ）, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.
A. “After Apple-Picking” B. “The Road Not Taken” C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
D. “Fire and Ice”
30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（ ）, immortality, religion, love and nature.
A. progress B. freedom C. beauty D. death
31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（ ）in the American literary history. A. individual feeling B. survival of the fittest C. strong imagination D. return to nature
32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be（ ）.
A. transcendentalists B. optimists C. pessimists D. idealists
33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,（ ）became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
A. Sentimentalism B. Romanticism C. Realism D. Naturalism
34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“（ ）,”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.
A. Lost Generation B. Beat Generation C. Sons of Liberty D. Angry Young Men
35.In（ ）, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.
A. “Young Goodman Brown” B.“Rip Van Winkle” C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter” D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener”
36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（ ）.
A. The House of the Seven Gables B. The Scarlet Letter C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers
37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（ ）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.
A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. R. W. Emerson D. Herman Melville
38.In his realistic fiction, Henry James’s primary concern is to present the（ ）.
A. inner life of human beings B. American Civil War and its effects
C. life on the Mississippi River D. Calvinistic view of original sin
39.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s writing style?（ ）
A. Simple vernacular. B. Local color.
C. Lengthy psychological analyses. D. Richness of irony and humor.
40.Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily,”is NOT true?（ ）
A. She has a distorted personality. B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.
C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South. D. She is the victim of the past glory.
PART TWO (60 POINTS)
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41.“Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,
Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found”
Questions:
A. Identify the poem and the poet. B. What idea do the two lines express?
42.“To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What is the tone of author?
43.“‘Faith! Faith!’cried the husband. ‘Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.’”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What idea does the quoted sentence express?
44.“We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess—in the Ring—
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—
We passed the Setting Sun—”
Questions: A. Identify the poem and the poet.
B. What do“the School,” “the Fields”and“the Setting Sun”stand for respectively?
Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45.As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?
46.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of‘the system,’that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation.”
What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?
47.Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman’s free verse?
48.Some of Hemingway’s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?
Ⅳ. Topics for Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49.Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.
50.Take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.
温馨小贴士：正确对待考研英语
快考研了，对于英语作文的复习，大家比较常用的方法就是背模板，来听听一些阅卷老师的看法：
一、作文模板要背,但不要背太多。关键是要准!老师是人,当然知道大家都是模板,不会因为这个难为大家。模板不是错,也没有歧视,但你连摸版都背不准,都背错,那就是你的不对了.我发现很多同学上下句不连贯,但都很优美,可见是拼接的,按本人经验,模版一个就可以对付大多数,问题是你要会用,而不是背一堆,又不准,同时还自己拼,那怎么能行?
二、考场上除非万不得已不要抄上面卷面上的句子。本人第一天连续发现4张卷子句子相同。上报组长,雷同卷,差点按0分处理,后来还好又发现类似卷子,原来都是从翻译抄下来的,0分终于避免了,但8分以下是跑不了了,欺骗老师啊~~~~
三、要有发光点,注意你是在考研,你让老师看到的是important,there be,那就等着8分左右吧,好象中国学生最会的句子就是there be,一片there be,更郁闷的是,有人还把时态弄错了,那完了,祈祷吧！用词,要对的起研究生(Q吧) 考试的水平啊,你就不能换点高级的词吗?
四、最重要的是每段开头.我算了一下,每份卷子,快的老师5秒,我差不多要10多秒。而且还要写两个名字,你觉得我能看到什么?首句!我们肯定不会乱改,但你要是在首句被我们看见低级词、低级句子、低级错误,那完了,这就决定你最终分数,就算你后面写的再好,也完了，前面是定性的,后面是定量的记得我的话!!!
五、多用难句,难词。要让我在枯燥的工作中惊艳,而且在5秒内,你就只有让我觉得,你很牛啊,从句子看出来,同时注意,不要写错！
六、一定要检查!特别是普通用法,要是普通用法错误,直接降一等,难的用法错了也就算了。你连there be都错,那能怪老师吗?我给的2个高分被组长打回原形,就是因为有低级错误!不要出错!
七、字体优美!强烈建议练练字,能写斜体的就很好，至少多3分,不能写的,字写明白,否则,损失的不止3分。
八、从07年北京地区改卷来看,分数比较多的是在,7,8左右,要按文章要求写,文章第一段多是描绘,注意上下句衔接,同时要有铺垫,不要上来第一个词就是confidence,太突兀了,看了有点晕。
九、作文不用花太多时间,但不花时间绝对不行,还是我说的,三个方面
1:背熟一个模版并运用好
2:不出错误
3:让老师惊艳的词句,就差不多了。
十、小作文没改,不知道,不过似乎他们看的速度比我们快的多,为你们祈祷~~呵呵。
十一、补充,套话还是要学的。背一点,最后可以筹字数起码,用的好的话也是个闪光点。
十二、好象没什么了,记住相信老师,北京地区分数低,不是老师随意压分,是我们严格执行标准,你们能做的,是提高水平!
十句对你不客气的英语口语
10句对你不客气的英语口语
1. Just wait and see. I won't let you get away with that.
咱们走着瞧。我不会让你得逞的。
2. You'll be sorry.
你会后悔的。
3. You're gonna get what's coming to you.
你会得到报应的。
4. If you're looking for a fight, you don't have to look far.
如果你想找人打架的话，不用找太远。
5. Watch your mouth. Do you know who you're talking to?
说话客气一点。你知道你在跟谁说话吗？
6. I'll get even with you sooner or later.
跟你的这笔账我迟早会要回来的。
7. Listen, you've picked the wrong person to quarrel with.
听着，你找错吵架的对象了。
8. You'd better take that back.
你最好收回那句话。
9. You want to take it outside? Anytime!
你想到外头解决(干架)吗？随時奉陪！
10. Don't mess with me! / Don't get fresh with me!
不要惹我！/ 给我放尊重一点！
英美文学作家作品
■ 英国部分
古英语Old English 450-1066 中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry 文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival 人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life 1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张 浮士德博士的悲剧 3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行诗第18首 《威尼斯商人》 《哈姆雷特》 4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose Inductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法 《论学习》 5.邓恩John Donne 玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论 《日出》 《致死神》 6.弥尔顿John Milton 《失乐园》 《复乐园》 《力士参孙》 新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦 启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science 哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖 7.班扬John Bunyan (“浮华集市”) 8..蒲伯Alexander Pope 《论批评》 “words are like leaves; and where they most abound. Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found. ”what idea do the two lines express? On fruit trees, where leaves are plentiful, fruit will be few. Similarly, in a piece of writing, where too many fine words are used, good sense will be reduced. 9. 笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people《罗宾汉》 10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places 《温和的建议》 《格列佛游记》 11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding –英语小说之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose 《汤姆?琼斯》 12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener 《英文字典》 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century 《?情敌》 14.格雷Thomas Gray The Graveyard(墓地) School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》 ?浪漫传奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of 人文主义精神the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's 浪漫主义时期 The Romantic Period 15.布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家 《扫烟囱的人》 16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey骚赛 He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安静'. “我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云” 《威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日》 《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》 《孤独的割麦女》 17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的) The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces –《古舟子咏》(又,《老水手之行》) 18.拜伦George Gordon Byron 拜伦式英雄'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin贵族血统, against tyrannical残暴的 rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》 19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus unbound, Is a verse drama. which borrows the basic story from a Greek play. 英国人民之歌 《西风颂》 20.济慈John Keats 4 great odes – 忧郁颂 21.简奥斯汀Jane Austen 《傲慢与偏见》 维多利亚时期 The Victorian Period 达尔文《物种起源》Darwin's 功利主义Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判现实主义作家 of the Victorian Age维多利亚时代 Character-portrayal描写 is the most distinguishing feature特点 of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲伤,惆怅 《双城记》 23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront? Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront?, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. 《简?爱》 24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artist 拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧 《过沙洲》 ”尤利西斯” 25.布朗宁Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 《指环与书》 我逝去的公爵夫人 26.乔治?艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women 《米尔德马契》 27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主义naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方乡土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment' 《德勃家的苔斯》 ?夜里的相会 现代主义 The Modern Period 28.萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信条 of “art for art’s sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view. 《鳏夫的房产》 29.高尔斯华绥 John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上层(富裕的)中产阶级 family. 《银盒》 第一个三步曲Trilogy--《福赛特世家》 第二个三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:《现代喜剧》 第三个三步曲 30.叶芝 William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋 pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels). 象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋转”, “spirals” long poetic career, 3 period 《茵尼斯弗利岛》 《丽达及天鹅》 31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot 《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 《四个四重奏》 32.劳伦斯 D. H. Lawrence 《儿子和情人》 33.乔伊斯 James Joyce 《都柏林人》 ■ 美国部分 Started with Washington Irving's called 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 先验主义/超验主义 1.欧文Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced First novel 2.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement 3.霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 4.惠特曼Walt Whitman Openness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style 5.麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control 6.马克?土温Mark Twain - the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books 7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association 8.迪金森Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys 9.西奥多?德莱塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder Seize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz Age 10.庞德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement' 11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene
